What Sets Neoclassical Architecture Apart: 5 Key Characteristics

Neoclassical architecture is known for its timeless grandeur and elegance. It traces its origin from the classical architectural style of ancient Greece and Rome and expanded to incorporate significant ornamentation. Here are the five main characteristics of neoclassical architecture you should know:

Volumes of grand scale: Neoclassical architecture is characterized by the use of large scale buildings that evoke a sense of grandeur and magnificence. Often, these buildings would feature tall columns and large archways to add to their impressiveness.

Simple geometric forms: The symmetry and geometric simplicity of neoclassical architecture make it an iconic style. You’ll often find that buildings have an equal number of columns and windows, with the central entrance being the most prominent feature.

The most dramatic columns: Neoclassical architecture owes much of its beauty to the use of dramatic columns. Often, these columns would be fluted with intricate carvings and were responsible for supporting the structure of the building.

Doric Greece or Roman details: The details that give neoclassical architecture its charm usually incorporate ornamental references to classical Greece or Rome. These details could be anything from frescoes to intricate reliefs, to statues atop columns or on pediments.

Flat or domed roofs, depending on the style: Neoclassical architecture offers a unique variety of roof styles to choose from, depending on the building’s size and design. You can opt for flat, symmetrical lines or a more dramatic dome-shaped roof for larger buildings.

In summary, the five main characteristics of neoclassical architecture include grand scaled volumes, simple geometric forms, dramatic columns, Greek or Roman details, and flat or domed roofs depending on the style.

Grand Volumes in Neoclassical Architecture

Neoclassical architecture is characterized by the use of grand volumes, which give the buildings an aura of majesty and grandeur. The structures are often large, imposing, and impressive, with an emphasis on symmetrical design. The use of grand volumes is intended to evoke a sense of power and strength, and to reflect the importance of the buildings they are used in. A good example of this is evident in the buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. The structures, which include the U.S. Capitol, are designed with massive domes and columns, creating an imposing presence that reflects the power of the U.S. government.

Simple Geometry as a Key Characteristic

Another key characteristic of neoclassical architecture is the use of simple geometric forms. This means that the buildings have clean, straight lines, and are often symmetrical in design. The straight lines and simple shapes are meant to convey a sense of order and balance. Buildings with simple geometric forms were popular during the neoclassical period because they were seen as a return to classical simplicity and purity. Jefferson’s Monticello and the White House are two great examples of neoclassical architecture that feature simple geometric shapes.

The Magnificent Columns of Neoclassical Style

Arguably the most significant visual characteristic of neoclassical architecture is the use of columns. Columns were used extensively in ancient Greek and Roman architecture, and they were seen as a symbol of strength and power. In neoclassical architecture, columns are often paired with other classical elements, such as pediments, friezes, and cornices, to create a balanced, harmonious design. The columns are often adorned with intricate carvings and other decorative elements, which add to their sense of grandeur and importance. The columns at the entrance of the U.S. Supreme Court building are a perfect example of this neoclassical style.

Influence of the Doric Greece and Roman Styles

The neoclassical period was greatly influenced by the classical architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. Doric Greece and Roman details are two of the most prominent influences on neoclassical design. The Doric style is known for its simple, straightforward design, with columns that do not have bases and an unadorned frieze. The Roman style, on the other hand, is often seen as grand and imposing, with large, ornate columns and intricate details. The neoclassical style fused these two classical styles to create a visually stunning and balanced architectural style.

Roof Styles in Neoclassical Architecture

In neoclassical architecture, the type of roof a building has depends on the particular style being used. Some neoclassical buildings feature flat roofs, which create a sense of modernity and simplicity. Other buildings feature domed roofs, which are more commonly associated with grand and important structures. The use of different roof styles adds to the visual interest of the building, and helps to create a sense of balance and harmony within the overall design. The U.S. Capitol features a large dome that dominates the skyline of Washington, D.C., and is a great example of the use of domed roofs in neoclassical architecture.

Neoclassical Details: A Fusion of the Classical Eras

A key feature of neoclassical architecture is the use of details that combine elements of both ancient Greek and Roman styles. This adds interest and depth to the design, and creates a sense of historical continuity across different eras of classical architecture. Some of the most notable neoclassical details include decorative pediments, friezes, and cornices, as well as intricate carvings and embellishments on columns and other architectural features. These details are meant to evoke the grandeur and importance of ancient classical architecture, while still maintaining a sense of modernity and relevance.