What is the difference between Greek and Roman design?
Greek and Roman architecture were both influential through the ancient and medieval times. There are various distinctions between the two that are evident in their structure, style, and function. However, both share similarities that influenced later styles. This article explores the differences between Greek and Roman design.Greek architecture styles
Greek architecture is primarily composed of three unique and distinct styles that include Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Each style is characterized according to its shape, columns, and ornamentation.The Doric style
The Doric style originated in the mainland and western Greece. It is the simplest and the oldest of the styles. The columns are without bases and topped by a smooth, round capital. The entablature that rests on the column has no decoration. This simplicity expresses a sturdy and religious feeling.The Ionic style
The Ionic style developed in eastern Greece. Its column is slender and has a base, spiraling at the bottom. The capital of the column has double scrolls and an elegant twisted egg form. The frieze is characterized by a continuous relief that imitates draped fabric. This style expresses a more decorative, feminine, and graceful appearance.The Corinthian style
The Corinthian style originated in Athens. It emerged during the Hellenistic Period. Its capital is characterized by acanthus leaves, with some additional small scrolls and budding flowers. The column is more slender than that of the Ionic style. This style expresses a more ornate and delicate appearance.Roman architecture styles
Roman architecture is more diverse and eclectic than Greek architecture. It is characterized by adaptable techniques, better materials, and its purpose.Types of Roman temples
There are several types of Roman temples, including those explicitly made for the gods, for private worship, and for commemoration. All Roman temples had three specific elements: a cella or naos that was the inner sanctuary; the portico, which was the entrance to the temple, and the podium upon which it was built. Some of the most popular types of Roman temples include:- The temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
- The temple of the Vestal Virgin
- The temple of Venus and Rome
The Roman basilicas
Roman basilicas were public buildings that served various purposes such as law courts, markets, and centers for social and business activities. They were rectangular in shape, consisting of an internal nave and sides aisles separated by columns. The basilica’s main entrance was a portico, and at the rear was a semi-circular apse, which was often used for legal proceedings.Roman structures beyond temples and basilicas
The ancient Romans were also known for their structures beyond temples and basilicas. Some of the notable structures include:- The Roman aqueducts
- The Roman bridges
- The Roman triumphal arches