- Italian Baroque furniture tends to have a more sculptural and elaborate base, with a focus on the lower part of the piece.
- In contrast, French Baroque furniture is designed to be gilded from top to bottom, showcasing more elaborate ornamentation and decoration all around the piece.
- Italian Baroque typically highlights the strength and structural elements of a piece of furniture, while French Baroque focuses more on the decorative aspects.
- Another noticeable difference is in the use of materials. Italian Baroque furniture is typically made from dark wood, while French Baroque furniture often includes marquetry, or embedded patterns done in contrasting wood colors or ivory.
Origins of Italian and French Baroque styles
Baroque style emerged in Italy in the 16th century, during the Renaissance period. The Italian Baroque style was characterized by ornate and intricate designs, with a focus on symmetry and harmony. It was heavily influenced by the Catholic Church, which commissioned many of the artworks and architectural designs of the time. The style then spread throughout Europe, and it was in France where it developed its distinct features. French Baroque style emerged in the 17th century as a reaction against the austerity of the Calvinist aesthetic. It emphasized grandeur and ostentation, and it was intended to project the power and wealth of the French monarchy. Unlike the Italian Baroque style, French Baroque art and architecture were less concerned with symmetry and more so with giving off an impression of dynamism and movement.Differences in furniture design and sculptural bases
Italian Baroque furniture pieces had sculptural bases, usually made from wood and covered in gilt. The bases were often curved and had intricate designs that reflected the ornate elements of the Italian Baroque style. French Baroque furniture, on the other hand, was designed to be sculpted from top to bottom. The pieces were heavily ornamented with gilt, which was used to enhance the ornate carvings and embellishments. Italian Baroque furniture:- Had sculptural bases
- Made from wood
- Carved with intricate designs
- Covered in gilt
- Sculpted from top to bottom
- Heavily ornamented with gilt
- Used gilt to enhance carvings and embellishments
Use of gilding in Italian and French Baroque styles
Gilding was an important feature in both Italian and French Baroque furniture. However, its usage differed between the two styles. In Italian Baroque furniture, gilding was primarily used to emphasize the sculptural elements of the piece, particularly the bases. In French Baroque furniture, gilding was used more extensively to highlight the ornamental elements of the furniture. French Baroque furniture featured elaborate designs that were often gilded heavily, resulting in a more decorative or over-the-top appearance.Role of ornamentation in furniture design
Ornamentation was a significant element in both Italian and French Baroque furniture design. Italian Baroque furniture relied on ornate bases and detailed carvings to create a sense of movement and visual interest. French Baroque furniture, on the other hand, incorporated ornamental designs throughout the entire piece, from the base to the top, making it appear more grandiose and elaborate. The level of ornamentation was often determined by the level of wealth and status of the owner, with the most affluent owners commissioning the most ornate furniture pieces.Influence on interior design
The Baroque style, both Italian and French, had a significant impact on interior design. It encouraged the use of rich materials and colors, decorative elements, and luxurious finishes. Baroque interiors were often meant to impress and project an air of opulence and grandeur, with an emphasis on creating a sense of drama and theatricality. The style was especially popular among the aristocracy and the wealthy, who used it to display their status and taste.Examples of famous Italian and French Baroque furniture pieces
Italian Baroque furniture pieces:- Baroque Chair by Giovanni Battista Colombini
- The Medici Dining Table by Carlo Bugatti
- The Tivoli yellow Damask Armchair by A. Chiersa
- The Palace of Versailles Bedroom Suites
- The Élysée Palace Furniture Collection
- The Grand Dauphin’s Cabinet by André-Charles Boulle