Understanding Eclecticism in Theory and Practice
As we continue to learn about different fields, we encounter theories and techniques that may or may not lead to a complete understanding of a topic. Eclecticism provides a way to combine different theories and techniques to obtain a more comprehensive perspective on a topic. In this article, we focus on the three types of eclecticism.
The Three Types of Eclecticism: An Overview
The three types of eclecticism are technical eclecticism, theoretical integration, and common element eclecticism. Technical eclecticism selects techniques universally applicable, regardless of the theories they originate from. Theoretical integration combines techniques from various theories, and common element eclecticism identifies shared traits across different theories. In the following section, we take a closer look at each type of eclecticism.
Technical Eclecticism: Choosing Techniques Regardless of Theory
Technical eclecticism uses a ‘whatever works’ approach. This type of eclecticism is a popular choice among practitioners of psychotherapy, where the emphasis is on choosing techniques solely based on the client’s needs and the suitability of the method. Counselors or therapists who adopt technical eclecticism believe that there are universal techniques that are independent of theories and can be used in any situation. These techniques include relaxation training, goal setting, and social skills training, among others. Technical eclecticism is also common in art, photography, and other creative fields. In summary, technical eclecticism emphasizes technique over theory and aims to be flexible by choosing techniques that are universally applicable.
Theoretical Integration: Combining Techniques from Different Theories
Theoretical integration combines different theories. When practitioners adopt the theoretical integration approach, they aim to combine different theoretical frameworks in an integrative way. They do not focus on individual theories but rather on creating a new, comprehensive perspective by using multiple theories. For instance, in psychology, an integrative psychotherapist may use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy together to provide treatment that meets a client’s needs holistically. In summary, theoretical integration incorporates techniques from different theories to create a more comprehensive perspective.
Common Element Eclecticism: Identifying Shared Traits Across Theories
Common element eclecticism identifies shared traits in different theories. This type of eclecticism holds that there are similar underlying principles among different theories, despite their apparent differences. Counselors who adopt the common element approach seek to identify the fundamental similarities among the theories, hence creating a superordinate principle or theory. For instance, in family therapy, counselors may use the common element approach to identify shared values like communication, empathy, and respect. These shared values are considered fundamental pillars upon which different families operate. In summary, common element eclecticism looks for similar underlying principles among different theories and uses them as a foundation for treatment.
The Importance of Technical Diversity in Integrationism
Technical diversity is key in achieving integrationism. Technical diversity refers to the idea that selecting techniques from different theories should be based on understanding the theoretical context. For instance, when a practitioner adopts a combination of intervention techniques, they must have a clear understanding of the theories underpinning these techniques. Identifying the techniques to use should not be based solely on personal preference but rather on understanding the theoretical context. Technical diversity plays a crucial role in achieving integrationism, as each technique is chosen based on its compatibility with the theory’s underlying principles.
Conclusion
Understanding eclecticism is crucial in identifying the type of approach that would work best in different situations. Technical eclecticism, theoretical integration, and common element eclecticism are versatile approaches that can be used in different fields, from psychotherapy to art and music. It is essential to note that technical diversity should be a key consideration in selecting techniques across different theories. By doing so, one can achieve integrationism, which allows for a more comprehensive understanding of different fields.