Desert Landscape
Deserts are some of the harshest environments in the world with a characteristic arid and dry weather. They cover around a fifth of the world’s land, with Antarctica being the world’s largest desert. They are hot during the day and cold at night, and their vast landscape typically has little to no vegetation. Deserts also have unique fauna and flora adapted to their unforgiving environment. Notable features:- Dunes
- Rock formations
- Playas or dry lakes
Mountainous Landscape
Mountainous landscapes are characterized by dramatic geological features such as steep slopes, valleys, and peaks that create an idyllic picturesque view. They are the result of plate tectonic movements, volcanism and erosions. Mountains can also provide freshwater sources for rivers and lakes. The complex eco-system of mountains offers unique opportunities for scientific research. Notable features:- Snow caps and glaciers
- Rivers and lakes
- Endemic plant and animal species
Coastal Landscape
Coastal landscapes are dynamic environments where land and sea interact. They are in constant flux due to natural processes such as erosion, sedimentation, and storms. Coastal landscapes are complex ecosystems that support a diverse range of marine life and are critical for the fishing industry and tourism. Notable features:- Beaches and dunes
- Coral reefs and estuaries
- Lagoons and tidal flats
Tundra Landscape
Tundra landscapes are found in the polar regions of the world and are characterized by cold temperatures, snow, and ice. These treeless landscapes have a short growing season and support a variety of plant and animal species adapted to the harsh environment. Notable features:- Permafrost
- Mosses and lichens
- Arctic Char, polar bears, and caribou
Forested Landscape
Forested landscapes are areas where trees are the dominant feature. They are essential for biodiversity, carbon storage, and regulating the climate. Forests consist of different types of trees and support a range of wildlife, plants, and fungi. Notable features:- Canopy and understory
- Wetlands and swamps
- Wildlife such as bears, wolves, and birds
Wetland Landscape
Wetland landscapes are areas where land and water interact, creating a unique ecosystem critical for carbon storage, water quality, and biodiversity. Wetlands support a variety of plant and animal species adapted to the waterlogged terrain. Notable features:- Marshes, swamps, and bogs
- Wading birds and waterfowl
- Flood control and erosion prevention
Polar Landscape
Polar landscapes are areas around the earth’s poles characterized by freezing temperatures, ice, and snow. The area is home to unique flora and fauna, such as penguins and seals, adapted to the challenging environment. Notable features:- Ice caps
- Glaciers
- Endemic species such as polar bears and Arctic Foxes
Valley Landscape
Valley landscapes are areas between two hills or mountain ranges with a defining feature of a river or stream. They consist of farmland, forest, and grasslands. Notable features:- Plateaus
- Steep slopes and cliffs
- Rivers and streams